What is SAP R/3?

SAP R/3 is a 3 level design comprising of 3 layers

Show

Application

Data set

In straightforward words, it's a client server design.

R means Real-time framework

3 addresses - 3-level design.

Sap R/3 Architecture Tutorial

Client's PC:- Users can get to SAP framework in two ways:-

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Through SAP GUI

Through Web program

It's called front-end. Just the front-end is introduced in the client's PC not the application/data set servers.

Front-end takes the client's solicitations to information base server and application servers.

Application Servers: - Application server is worked to deal with business-rationale. This responsibility is circulated among various application servers. With numerous application servers, the client can get the result all the more rapidly.

Application server exists at a distant an area when contrasted with the area of the client PC.

Data set Server: - Database server stores and recovers information according to SQL questions created by ABAP and Java applications.

Data set and Application might exist on something very similar or different actual area.

Understanding different SAP layers

Sap R/3 Architecture Tutorial

Show Layer:

The Presentation Layer contains the product parts that make up the SAPgui (graphical UI). This layer is the point of interaction between the R/3 System and its clients. The R/3 System utilizes the SAPgui to give a natural graphical UI for entering and showing information.The show layer sends the client's contribution to the application server, and gets information for show from it. While a SAPgui part is running, it stays connected to a client's terminal meeting in the R/3 System.

Application Layer:

The Application Layer comprises of at least one application servers and a message server. Every application server contains a bunch of administrations used to run the R/3 System. Hypothetically, you just need one application server to run a R/3 System. Practically speaking, the administrations are dispersed across more than one application server. The message server is liable for correspondence between the application servers. It passes demands starting with one application server then onto the next inside the framework. It likewise contains data about application server gatherings and the ongoing burden adjusting inside them. It utilizes this data to relegate a fitting server when a client signs onto the framework.

Learning SAP Architecture: A Beginner's Guide

SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is a widely used enterprise resource planning (ERP) software that helps organizations manage various aspects of their business operations. Understanding SAP architecture is essential for anyone looking to work with SAP systems or pursue a career in SAP. Here's a beginner's guide to SAP architecture:

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1. Client-Server Architecture:

SAP follows a client-server architecture, where different components interact to provide various functionalities. The key components in SAP architecture are:

• Client: The user interface where end-users interact with the system. Clients can be web-based, desktop applications, or mobile apps.
• Application Server: This server hosts the application logic and processes user requests. It communicates with the database server and handles business logic.
• Database Server: The database server stores and manages the data used by SAP applications. It's where transactional and master data is stored.

2. Three-Tier Architecture:

SAP architecture is often described as a three-tier architecture:

• Presentation Tier (Client): This is the user interface where users interact with the system. It can be a web browser or a dedicated SAP client application.
• Application Tier (Application Server): This tier contains the application server, where SAP applications and business logic reside. It handles user requests, processes data, and communicates with the database server.
• Database Tier (Database Server): The database tier stores and manages data. It stores transactional data (e.g., sales orders) and master data (e.g., customer records) in a relational database management system (RDBMS) like SAP HANA, Oracle, or Microsoft SQL Server.

3. SAP Components:

Within the three-tier architecture, SAP includes various components that provide specific functionalities:

• SAP ECC (Enterprise Central Component): ECC is the core SAP ERP system that covers essential business processes like finance, procurement, sales, and production.
• SAP NetWeaver: NetWeaver is an integration and application platform that enables the development and execution of SAP applications. It includes components like the Application Server ABAP (AS ABAP) and Application Server Java (AS Java).
• SAP S/4HANA: S/4HANA is SAP's next-generation ERP suite built on the SAP HANA in-memory database. It offers real-time analytics, simplified data models, and improved user experiences.
• SAP Business Warehouse (BW): BW is a data warehousing solution that enables data consolidation, reporting, and analytics.

4. Data Flow:

In SAP architecture, data flows between these components:

• Users interact with the client, which sends requests to the application server.
• The application server processes requests, executes business logic, and communicates with the database server to fetch or update data.
• The database server stores and retrieves data in response to requests from the application server.

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5. Security and Authorization:

SAP architecture includes robust security features to protect sensitive business data. User roles and authorizations are defined to control access to specific functionalities and data.

6. Scalability and High Availability:

SAP systems are designed for scalability and high availability. Organizations can scale their infrastructure as needed to accommodate growth, and SAP systems are configured with redundancy to minimize downtime.

7. Learning Resources:

To learn more about SAP architecture, consider enrolling in SAP training courses, exploring SAP documentation, and practicing in SAP sandbox environments. Additionally, there are many online resources, books, and forums where you can connect with the SAP community and gain valuable insights into SAP architecture and best practices.

Information base Layer:

The Database Layer comprises of a focal data set framework containing every one of the information in the R/3 System. The information base framework has two parts - the data set administration framework (DBMS), and the data set itself. SAP has fabricated its own data set named Hana yet is viable with all significant data sets like Oracle.All R/3 information is put away in the data set. For instance, the information base contains the control and tweaking information that decide how your R/3 System runs. It likewise contains the program code for your applications. Applications comprise of program code, screen definitions, menus, capability modules, and different parts. These are put away in a unique part of the data set called the R/3 Repository, and are as needs be called vault objects. R/3 archive, objects are utilized in ABAP workbench.

Figuring out the parts of SAP R/3 3-level Architecture:-

Sap R/3 Architecture Tutorial

ABAP+Java System Architecture

Message Server:It handles correspondence between appropriated Dispatchers in ABAP framework.

Dispatcher Queue: Various work process types are put away in this line.

Dispatcher: It disperses solicitations to the work processes.

Entryway: It empowers correspondence between SAP framework and between SAP framework and outer frameworks.

ABAP-Work processes: - It independently executes discourse steps in R/3 applications.

Sorts of work processes are given as beneath:-

Experience the difference

Sap R/3 Architecture Tutorial

Memory-pipes: It empowers correspondence among ICM and ABAP work processes.

Message Server: It handles java dispatchers and server processes.It empowers correspondence inside java runtime climate.

Enqueue Server:It handles legitimate locks that are set by the executed Java application program in a server cycle.

Focal Services: Java group requires a unique example of the focal administrations for overseeing locks and sending messages and information. Java bunch is a bunch of cycles that cooperate to construct the dependable framework. Example is gathering of assets, for example, memory, work processes, etc.

Java Dispatcher: It gets the client demands and advances to the server interaction.

SDM: Software Deployment Manager is utilized to introduce J2EE parts.

Java Server Processes: It can processes countless demands at the same time.

Stringing: Multiple Processes executes independently behind the scenes, this idea is called stringing.

ICM: It empowers correspondence between SAP framework and HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP convention. It implies by entering framework URL in the program you can get to SAP from program too.

Another part is JCO. JCO is utilized to deal with correspondence between java dispatcher and ABAP dispatcher when framework is arranged as ABAP+Java.

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How the SAP Logon Process functions?

Sap R/3 Architecture Tutorial

Once a client taps on the SAP framework from GUI, the client demand is sent to Dispatcher.

Request is put away in Request lines first. Dispatcher keeps First in First out guideline. It will find free work process and in the event that accessible will be alloted.according to client demand, specific work process is appointed to client. For instance, when client login to the framework then Dialog work process is allocated to the client. On the off chance that client runs a report in foundation, foundation work process is doled out to the user.When a few changes are finished at data set level then update workprocess is assigned.So according to client's activity workprocess is relegated.Once client is doled out the discourse workprocess then client approvals, client's ongoing setting are moved in to work-process in shared memory to get to client's data.Once exchange step is executed then client's information is carried out from workprocess. Accordingly shared memory will be cleaned and other client's information can be saved in shared memory region. Exchange step implies the screen developments. In an exchange, when a clients hops from one screen to other the cycle is known as a discourse step.First work cycle will track down the information in the support. On the off chance that it finds information in support, there is compelling reason need to recover information from data set. Hence reaction time is improved and this cycle is called hit.If it doesn't find the information in support then it will find the information in data set and this cycle is called miss. Hit proportion ought to be dependably higher than miss proportion. It works on the presentation of framework .Other mentioned information is questioned from the data set and when the cycle is complete,the result is sent back to GUI through dispatcher.At the end client's information is taken out from shared memory so the memory will be accessible to other users.This process is gotten down on roll.

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