CCNA Tutorial: Learn Networking Basics

CCNA Tutorial: Learn Networking Basics - Shikshaglobe

Content Creator: Vijay Kumar

What is CCNA?

CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is a famous confirmation for PC network engineers given by the organization named Cisco Systems. It is legitimate for a wide range of designers including section-level organization engineers, network directors, network support designers, and organization-trained professionals. It assists with getting comfortable with the expansive scope of systems administration ideas like OSI models, IP tending, Network security, and so on.

It is assessed that more than 1 million CCNA authentications have been granted since it was first sent off in 1998. CCNA means "Cisco Certified Network Associate". The CCNA endorsement covers an expansive scope of systems administration ideas and CCNA nuts and bolts. It assists applicants with concentrating on CCNA basics and getting ready for the most recent organizational innovations they are probably going to chip away at.

A portion of the CCNA fundamentals covered under the CCNA certificate include:

OSI models

IP tending to

WLAN and VLAN

Network security and the executives (ACL included)

Switches/steering conventions ( EIGRP, OSPF, and RIP)

IP Routing

Network Device Security

Investigating

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Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Internet

Networking Devices

Routers
Switches
Hubs
Modems
Access Points

2. The OSI Model

Understanding the OSI Model The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunications or computing system into seven distinct layers. Each layer has a specific role in data communication.

OSI Model Layers Explained

Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer

3. IP Addressing

IPv4 vs. IPv6 Learn about the differences between IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), and why IPv6 is becoming increasingly important.

IP Address Classes Understand the different IP address classes (A, B, C, D, and E) and their use in addressing.

Subnetting Learn how to subnet IP addresses to efficiently allocate them in a network.

4. TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP vs. UDP Discover the differences between the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) transport layer protocols.

Ports and Sockets Understand how ports and sockets facilitate communication between applications over a network.

DNS and DHCP Learn about DNS (Domain Name System) for domain name resolution and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for automatic IP address assignment.

5. Ethernet and LANs

Ethernet Basics Explore the fundamental principles of Ethernet, the most widely used LAN technology.

LAN Topologies Learn about common LAN topologies, including star, bus, ring, and mesh.

Ethernet Frames Understand the structure of Ethernet frames and how data is transmitted within a LAN.

6. Wireless Networking

Introduction to Wi-Fi Discover the basics of wireless networking, including Wi-Fi standards and components.

Wireless Standards (802.11) Explore IEEE 802.11 standards and their impact on wireless communication.

Wireless Security Learn about wireless security measures, such as WEP, WPA, and WPA2, to protect Wi-Fi networks.

7. Routing and Switching

Routing Basics Understand how routers enable data to be transmitted between different networks.

Routing Protocols Explore routing protocols like RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First).

Switching and VLANs Learn how switches operate at the data link layer and how VLANs (Virtual LANs) segregate networks.

8. Network Security

Common Network Threats Identify common network threats, including malware, phishing, and DoS attacks.

Firewalls and IDS/IPS Explore network security devices like firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems.

VPNs and Encryption Understand the role of VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and encryption in securing network traffic.

9. Network Management

SNMP and Network Monitoring Learn about SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and network monitoring tools.

Configuration Management Discover the importance of configuration management in network administration.

Troubleshooting Techniques Explore troubleshooting methods and tools for diagnosing network issues.

10. Preparing for CCNA Certification

CCNA Exam Overview Get an overview of the CCNA certification exams and their objectives.

Study Resources Explore recommended study materials and resources for CCNA exam preparation.

Practice Exams and Labs Find out how practice exams and hands-on labs can help you prepare effectively.

To finish the CCNA full course with test effectively, one should be intensive of these subjects : TCP/IP and the OSI model, subnetting, IPv6, NAT (Network Address Translation) and remote access.

What does the CCNA course comprise of

The CCNA organizing course covers network essentials introduce, work, arrange, and check fundamental IPv4 and IPv6 organizations.

The CCNA organizing course likewise incorporates network access, IP availability, IP administrations, network security essentials, mechanization, and programmability.

New changes in the ongoing CCNA test incorporates,

Profound comprehension of IPv6

CCNP level subjects as HSRP, DTP, EtherChannel

Progressed investigating strategies

Network plan with supernetting and subnetting

Qualification Criteria for Certification

For accreditation, no degree is required. In any case, liked by certain businesses

Great to have CCNA essential level programming information

Web neighborhood

A web neighborhood comprises of a Computer Network that interconnects PCs inside a restricted region like office, home, research center, and so forth. This region network incorporates WAN, WLAN, LAN, SAN, and so on.

Among these WAN, LAN and WLAN are most famous ones. In this manual for concentrate on CCNA, you will figure out how the neighborhood can be laid out utilizing these organization framework.

Understanding the Need for Networking

What is a Network?

An organization is characterized as a two or more free gadgets or PCs that are connected to share assets (like printers and CDs), trade records, or permit electronic interchanges.

For instance, the PCs on an organization might be connected through phone lines, links, satellites, radio waves, or infrared light bars.

The two extremely normal kinds of organization include:

Neighborhood (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Get familiar with the distinctions among LAN and WAN

From OSI reference model, the layer 3, i.e., Network layer is engaged with systems administration. This layer is answerable for bundle sending, directing through transitional switches, perceiving and sending neighborhood have area messages to move layer (layer 4), and so on.

The organization works by associating PCs and peripherals utilizing two bits of hardware incorporate steering and switches. On the off chance that two gadgets or PCs are associated on a similar connection, there is no requirement for an organization layer.

Find out about Types of Computer Networks

Internetworking Devices utilized on an organization

For interfacing web, we require different internetworking gadgets. A portion of the normal gadgets utilized in developing Internet are.

NIC: Network Interface Card or NIC are printed circuit sheets that are introduced in workstations. It addresses the actual association between the workstation and organization link. Despite the fact that NIC works at the actual layer of the OSI model, it is likewise viewed as an information connect layer gadget. Some portion of the NIC's is to work with data between the workstation and the organization. It likewise controls the transmission of information onto the wire

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Centers: A center point assists with expanding the length of an organization cabling framework by intensifying the sign and afterward re-communicating it. They are fundamentally multiport repeaters and not worried about the information by any means. The center interfaces workstations and sends a transmission to every one of the associated workstations.

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Spans: As organization develop bigger, they frequently get hard to deal with. To deal with these developing organization, they are frequently separated into more modest LANs. These more modest LANS are associated with one another through spans. This helps not exclusively to diminish traffic channel on the organization yet additionally screens parcels as they move between portions. It monitors the MAC address that is related with different ports.

Switches: Switches are utilized in the choice to spans. It is turning into the more normal method for interfacing network as they are just quicker and more savvy than spans. It is equipped for sending data to explicit workstations. Changes empower every workstation to send data over the organization free of different workstations. It resembles a cutting edge telephone line, where a few confidential discussion happens at one time.

Switches: The point of utilizing a switch is to coordinate information along the most effective and practical course to the objective gadget. They work at Network layer 3, and that implies they impart through IP address and not physical (MAC) address. Switches interface at least two unique organizations together, for example, an Internet Protocol organization. Switches can connect different organization types like Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring.

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Brouters: It is a mix of the two switches and extensions. Brouter goes about as a channel that empowers a few pieces of information into the neighborhood organization and sidetracks obscure information to the next network.

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Modems: It is a gadget that changes over the PC-produced computerized signs of a PC into simple signs, voyaging by means of telephone lines.

Figuring out TCP/IP layers

TCP/IP represents Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It decides how a PC ought to be associated with the Internet and how information ought to be sent between them.

TCP: It is answerable for separating information into little bundles before they can be sent on the organization. Additionally, for collecting the parcels again when they show up.

IP (Internet Protocol): It is answerable for tending to, sending, and getting information bundles over the web.

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Grasping TCP/IP Internet Layer

To grasp TCP/IP web layer we take a straightforward model. At the point when we type something in a location bar, our solicitation will be handled to the server. The server will answer back to us with the solicitation. This correspondence on the web is conceivable because of the TCP/IP convention. The messages are sent and gotten in little bundles.

The Internet layer in the TCP/IP reference model is answerable for moving information between the source and objective PCs. This layer incorporates two exercises

Sending information to the Network Interface layers

Directing the information to the right objections

So the way that this occur?

Web layer packs information into information parcels alluded as IP datagrams. It comprises of source and objective IP address. Close to this, IP datagram header field comprises of data like rendition, header length, kind of administration, datagram length, time to live, etc.

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In network layer, you can notice network conventions like ARP, IP, ICMP, IGMP, and so on. The datagram are shipped through network utilizing these conventions. They each look like some capability like.

The Internet Protocol (IP) is answerable for IP tending to, directing, the fracture and reassembly of parcels. It decides how to course message on the organization.

Similarly, you will have ICMP convention. It is answerable for symptomatic capabilities and announcing mistakes because of the fruitless conveyance of IP parcels.

For the administration of IP multicast gatherings, IGMP convention is capable.

The ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is liable for the goal of the Internet layer address to the Network Interface layer address, for example, an equipment address.

RARP is utilized for circle less PCs to decide their IP address utilizing the organization.

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