SQL Server Tutorial PDF - Shikshaglobe

Introduction to SQL Server

SQL Server is a powerful relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It provides a robust platform for managing, storing, and retrieving data efficiently. Whether you're new to databases or looking to enhance your SQL skills, this tutorial will take you through the fundamental concepts and practical aspects of using SQL Server.

Table of Contents

1.      Getting Started with SQL Server 1.1. Introduction to SQL Server 1.2. Installing SQL Server 1.3. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) Overview

2.      Creating Databases and Tables 2.1. Understanding Databases and Tables 2.2. Creating a Database 2.3. Creating Tables with Different Data Types 2.4. Setting Primary Keys and Identity Columns

3.      Retrieving Data with SELECT 3.1. Basic SELECT Statements 3.2. Using DISTINCT and WHERE Clause 3.3. Sorting Data with ORDER BY 3.4. Limiting Results with TOP 3.5. Filtering Data with LIKE and IN

4.      Modifying Data with INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE 4.1. Inserting Data into Tables 4.2. Updating Existing Records 4.3. Deleting Records from Tables 4.4. Transactions and Data Integrity

5.      Querying Multiple Tables with Joins 5.1. Understanding Joins and Their Types 5.2. INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN 5.3. Self-Joins and Cross Joins

6.      Aggregating Data with GROUP BY 6.1. Using Aggregate Functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT, etc.) 6.2. GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

7.      Working with Subqueries 7.1. Introduction to Subqueries 7.2. Single-Row Subqueries 7.3. Multiple-Row Subqueries 7.4. Correlated Subqueries

8.      Modifying Table Structure with ALTER 8.1. Adding and Dropping Columns 8.2. Modifying Data Types and Constraints 8.3. Renaming Tables

9.      Indexing and Performance Optimization 9.1. Understanding Indexes and Their Types 9.2. Creating and Managing Indexes 9.3. Query Performance Tips

10.  Views and Stored Procedures 10.1. Creating and Using Views 10.2. Introduction to Stored Procedures 10.3. Creating and Executing Stored Procedures

11.  Managing Security and Users 11.1. Creating Logins and Users 11.2. Assigning Permissions 11.3. Implementing Security Best Practices

12.  Backing Up and Restoring Databases 12.1. Database Backup Strategies 12.2. Performing Full, Differential, and Transaction Log Backups 12.3. Restoring Databases from Backups

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 SQL Server Database: Create, Alter, Drop, Restore SQL Server Data Types: Varchar, Numeric, Date Time [T-SQL Examples]SQL Server Variable: Declare, Set, Select, Global, Local [TSQL Examples]SQL Server Table: CREATE, ALTER, DROP [T-SQL Examples]SQL Server PRIMARY KEY: T-SQL Examples Server FOREIGN KEY: T-SQL Examples SQL Server IF… ELSE Statement: T-SQL Example CASE articulation in SQL Server: T-SQL Example SQL Server SUBSTRING() Function: T-SQL Example SQL SERVER JOINS Tutorial: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, OUTER Make Login, User, allot Permission: SQL Server Tutorial Prophet Vs. SQL Server: Key Differences What are the kinds of sub inquiry? There are three sorts of sub question -Single line sub question which returns just a single column Numerous column sub inquiry which returns different lines Numerous section sub question which returns various segments to the fundamental inquiry. With that sub inquiry result, Main question will be executed. What is SQL server specialist The SQL Server specialist assumes a crucial part in everyday errands of SQL server administrator(DBA). Server specialist's motivation is to carry out the undertakings effectively with the scheduler motor which permits our responsibilities to run at planned date and time.

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What are planned undertakings in SQL Server Planned errands or occupations are utilized to mechanize processes that can be run on a booked time at a standard stretch. This planning of undertakings assists with decreasing human mediation during evening and take care of should be possible at a specific time. Client can likewise arrange the errands where it must be created.11. What is COALESCE in SQL Server Mix is utilized to return first non-invalid articulation inside the contentions. This capability is utilized to return a non-invalid from more than one section in the contentions. What is the distinction among UNION and UNION ALL Association: To choose related data from two tables UNION order is utilized. Joining command is comparable. Association All: The UNION ALL order is equivalent to the UNION order, then again, actually UNION ALL chooses all qualities. It won't eliminate copy lines, rather it will recover all columns from all tables. How Global transitory tables are addressed and its degree? Worldwide transitory tables are addressed with ## before the table name. Degree will be the external the meeting while neighborhood brief tables are inside the meeting. Meeting ID can be tracked down utilizing @@SPID.23. What are the distinctions between Stored Procedure and the powerful SQL. Put away Procedure is a bunch of proclamations which is put away in a gathered structure. Dynamic SQL is a bunch of explanations that progressively built at runtime and it won't be put away in a Database and it just execute during run time.. What is the utilization of SET NOCOUNT ON/OFF proclamation

Naturally, NOCOUNT is set to OFF and it returns number of records got impacted at whatever point the order is getting executed. To show the quantity of records impacted, it tends to be expressly set to ON-(SET NOCOUNT ON).29. Which SQL waiter table is utilized to hold the put away method scripts? Sys. SQL Modules is a SQL Server table used to store the content of put away method. Name of the put away strategy is saved in the table called Sys. Procedures What are Magic Tables in SQL Server? During DML tasks like Insert, Delete, and Update, SQL Server makes wizardry tables to hold the qualities during the DML activities. These enchanted tables are involved inside the triggers for information exchange.31. What is the distinction among SUBSTR and CHARINDEX in the SQL Server The SUBSTR capability is utilized to return explicit part of string in a given string. Be that as it may, CHARINDEX capability gives character position in a given determined string. What is SQL infusion SQL infusion is an assault by pernicious clients where malignant code can be embedded into strings that can be passed to a case of SQL server for parsing and execution. All assertions need to checked for weaknesses as it executes all linguistically legitimate questions that it gets.

1.1. Introduction to SQL Server

SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It is widely used for storing and managing large volumes of data efficiently. SQL Server supports Transact-SQL (T-SQL), which is a powerful language used for querying and manipulating data within the database. It offers various features for data security, data integrity, and performance optimization.

1.2. Installing SQL Server

To start using SQL Server, you need to install it on your system. The installation process may vary depending on your operating system. Here are the general steps to install SQL Server:

1.      Obtain the SQL Server installation files from the official Microsoft website or installation media.

2.      Run the installer and select the desired SQL Server edition.

3.      Follow the on-screen instructions and configure the installation settings.

4.      Specify the instance name and authentication mode (Windows Authentication or Mixed Mode).

5.      Complete the installation process and verify that SQL Server is running.

1.3. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) Overview

SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is a graphical user interface (GUI) tool provided by Microsoft to interact with SQL Server. It offers a wide range of functionalities, making it easier to manage databases and perform various tasks. Some key features of SSMS include:

  • Object Explorer: Provides a tree-like view of server instances, databases, tables, views, stored procedures, and more.
  • Query Editor: Allows you to write and execute T-SQL queries.
  • Activity Monitor: Displays real-time information about the server's activity, including resource usage and active sessions.
  • Database Diagrams: Enables the visualization of the database schema through interactive diagrams.
  • Backup and Restore Wizard: Simplifies the process of backing up and restoring databases.
  • Security Management: Facilitates user management and permission assignments.

Creating Databases and Tables

2.1. Understanding Databases and Tables

In SQL Server, a database is a container that holds various objects like tables, views, stored procedures, and functions. A table is a fundamental database object used to store data in a structured manner with rows and columns.

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2.2. Creating a Database

To create a new database using SSMS:

1.      Open SSMS and connect to the SQL Server instance.

2.      Right-click on the "Databases" node in the Object Explorer.

3.      Select "New Database" and provide a name for the new database.

4.      Configure other settings like file locations and file sizes as needed.

5.      Click "OK" to create the database.

2.3. Creating Tables with Different Data Types

Tables consist of columns with specific data types that define the kind of data they can hold. To create a table:

1.      Navigate to the newly created database in the Object Explorer.

2.      Right-click on the "Tables" node and select "New Table."

3.      Define the table columns, their names, and data types.

4.      Specify constraints, such as primary keys or unique constraints.

5.      Save the table.

2.4. Setting Primary Keys and Identity Columns

A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table, while an identity column automatically generates a unique value for each new row. To set a primary key or an identity column:

1.      Open the table in the design view.

2.      Right-click on the column to set it as the primary key or identity column.

3.      Choose "Set Primary Key" or "Identity Specification" from the context menu.

4.      Configure the properties as needed.

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Stay tuned for the continuation of this SQL Server tutorial to explore more topics and gain a comprehensive understanding of SQL Server and its functionalities.

Conclusion

This SQL Server tutorial covers the essential aspects of using SQL Server for database management. From creating databases and tables to querying and modifying data, you've learned the foundational skills needed to work with SQL Server effectively. By mastering these concepts, you'll be well-equipped to handle real-world data scenarios and become proficient in managing databases using SQL Server.

(Note: This tutorial is intended for beginners and aims to provide a solid foundation in SQL Server. For more advanced topics, consider exploring additional resources and documentation provided by Microsoft.)

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